
Short analyses, observations, and guidance on digital credibility, risk, and trust signals — drawn from our work assessing real websites and organisations.
Updated frequently, reflecting ongoing real-world developments…
Does the person who looks after your website ever talk to you about how your website is showing up on AI searches? There’s a serious risk that the measure you are being shown is not the one that’s most important. The tools that do the tracking are called “citation tracking tools”, and they measure whether…
A brand earns coverage in fifty articles over two years. Good sources, reputable outlets, strong editorial context. By any reasonable measure, its AI visibility should be building. But when you test the brand name in ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity, it barely appears. When it does appear, the answers are inconsistent — right in one query,…
Every AI search optimisation strategy rests on an assumption so basic it is never stated: your content has a chance of being retrieved. For a significant category of queries, that assumption is wrong. The Architecture Nobody Is Talking About In March 2026, Baidu Search published an engineering paper co-authored by 24 practitioners documenting the internal…
Date: 2026-09-02 Most brands optimising for AI search are measuring one thing: citations. How often does ChatGPT or Gemini link to our content? How frequently does our brand appear in AI-generated answers? These are reasonable questions. They are also incomplete ones. AI engines maintain two separate relationships with brand information, and they operate on entirely…
There is a number that should end the conversation, and it is this: only 10–15% of what Google ranks in its top results overlaps with the sources ChatGPT actually draws on. (source: Chen et al., University of Toronto — arXiv:2601.16858, January 2026 — corroborated across multiple 2026 cross-platform studies) Run the same search on Perplexity…
There is a number buried in Adobe’s Q1 2026 retail data that should stop every marketing director mid-sentence: US retail product pages average 66% LLM readability. One-third of the content on the most commercially important pages on most retail websites is structurally invisible to AI systems — before anyone has asked a single question about…
Most AI visibility advice is written as though “AI search” is a category with a shared logic. It isn’t. The overlap data draws a sharp hierarchy — and where you sit in that hierarchy is determined almost entirely by which retrieval infrastructure each platform is built on, not by how good your content is. The…
Series: Confident and Wrong — Article 7 of 7 Intro: The only thing a brand can do about AI’s confidence problem is build better evidence. Not fix the problem — the problem is structural and cannot be fixed from outside the training architecture. But build conditions under which the model is less likely to be…
Series: Confident and Wrong — Article 6 of 7 Intro: When an AI engine makes a confident claim about your brand, there is no chain of custody from that claim back to a verified source. This is not a gap that providers have chosen not to close. It is a structural consequence of how large…
Provenance Certifies History, Not Truth — And That’s a Brand Problem Series: Confident and Wrong — Article 5 of 7 Intro: In January 2025, the intelligence agencies of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia published a joint advisory endorsing C2PA — the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity — as the recommended technical…
Many of the issues discussed here are identified formally during our assessments.